Vitamin D3

foundation

Abstract

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin your skin produces from sunlight, but it functions more like a hormone than a traditional vitamin. It influences over 1,000 genes and plays roles in immune function, bone health, mood regulation, and hormone production — with vitamin D receptors found throughout the body, including in testicular tissue. Deficiency is remarkably common among men who work indoors, live in northern latitudes, or simply spend most of their time out of direct sun.

We include vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) — the same form your body naturally produces from sun exposure and the most effective form for raising blood levels. At 75mcg (3,000 IU), we provide a meaningful daily dose for men who don't get regular sun exposure.

The statements on this page have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Vitamin D3 Benefits — What Studies Found

Modern life keeps you indoors, and the deficit shows up everywhere — hormones, mood, immunity. Vitamin D helps close the gap most men don’t realize they have.

+25%

Testosterone in Deficient Men

Testosterone (Deficient)

Testosterone in Deficient Men

Year-long RCT in vitamin D-deficient men vs placebo. Effects are specific to low vitamin D — see the full study below.

View study →
-12%

Immune Defense

Infection Risk

Immune Defense

Meta-analysis of 25 RCTs (n=10,933). Strongest effect in severely deficient individuals. See the full breakdown below.

View study →
1,000+

Hormonal Regulator

Genes Regulated

Hormonal Regulator

Vitamin D receptors regulate 1,000+ genes — including in testicular tissue. See the mechanistic research below.

View study →

Why a 75mcg (3,000 IU) dose of Vitamin D3

The daily value for vitamin D is 20mcg (800 IU), but this represents a minimum to prevent severe deficiency, not an optimal intake.

  • Meaningful Daily Dose 75mcg (3,000 IU) sits within the clinical study range for adults without adequate sun exposure, and stays at or below the tolerable upper intake level for everyday use.
  • D3 Cholecalciferol Form The same form your body produces from sunlight and the most effective at raising blood levels.
  • Addresses a Common Gap Most men who work indoors or live in northern latitudes fall short on vitamin D, which may affect testosterone, immunity, and mood.
  • Backed by Extensive Research One of the most studied nutrients, with over 260 clinical trials supporting its roles across multiple body systems.

Note on individual variation: Some people may need more or less depending on their baseline levels, sun exposure, skin pigmentation, body composition, and other factors. If you're concerned about your vitamin D status, blood testing can provide clarity.

Therapeutic Dose Range

0mcg
25mcg 75mcg 125mcg
250mcg

Clinical studies use 25–125mcg (1,000–5,000 IU) daily. Our 75mcg (3,000 IU) provides a meaningful dose for those without adequate sun exposure.

Vitamin D3 in its natural environment
Vitamin D3Immune & Hormonal Regulator

A vitamin that functions like a hormone, influencing over a thousand genes — with receptors all the way down to testicular tissue.

What the Research Shows

Vitamin D is one of the most studied nutrients in existence with over 260 clinical studies. The science here is refreshingly clear: adequate vitamin D is essential for normal testosterone regulation—a causal link, not just correlation—and deficiency, which many men have without realizing it, drags testosterone down. Correcting that gap helps; piling more onto an already-normal level does not. That’s exactly why we include it as foundational insurance—and its benefits for immunity, mood, and bone health stand on their own.

6 peer-reviewed studies cited· See all 297 published studies →

02

Testosterone in Deficient Men

Pilz S, et al. (2011). Hormone and Metabolic Research. Source

+25%Total Testosterone (Deficient Men)

In a year-long randomized controlled trial, men with vitamin D deficiency who took vitamin D supplements showed significant increases in total testosterone, bioactive testosterone, and free testosterone compared to placebo. The effect was specifically seen in men who started with low vitamin D. The nuance that keeps this honest: supplementation restores testosterone when you start deficient - it does not push a normal level higher (RCTs in already-replete men are null). Essential to have enough; not a booster beyond that.

03

Athletic Recovery

Mielgo-Ayuso J, et al. (2018). Nutrients. Source

Elite male rowers supplementing with vitamin D3 (3,000 IU/day for 8 weeks) preserved hematological markers associated with recovery — hemoglobin, hematocrit, and transferrin all improved vs controls who declined. Serum vitamin D levels correlated with testosterone and cortisol levels, though supplementation did not significantly change hormone levels directly.

04

Gene Regulation

Pike JW, Meyer MB. (2010). Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. Source

Vitamin D exerts effects by binding to and activating the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which regulates the activity of over 1,000 different genes. This explains its wide-ranging effects throughout the body.

05

Vitamin D Is Causally Linked to Testosterone

Chen C, et al. (2019). Causal Link Between Vitamin D and Total Testosterone in Men: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Source

A Mendelian-randomization study - a genetic design built to test causation rather than correlation - found that vitamin D has a causal effect on total testosterone in men (Chen et al., 2019). This is why adequate vitamin D is considered essential for normal testosterone regulation, and why a deficiency drags it down.

06

Mood Support

Vitamin D protects against depression: umbrella meta-analysis (2023). Source

-0.40Depression Symptoms (pooled SMD)

An umbrella meta-analysis pooling ten separate RCT meta-analyses found vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced depressive symptoms versus placebo (pooled SMD -0.40), with the clearest effects when correcting a deficiency.

Published Research

297 studies

Every claim we make is grounded in peer-reviewed research. Tap any study to read the abstract.

Year Title Journal
  1. 2026Effects of vitamin D supplementation on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Autoimmunity reviews
  2. 2026Hypercalcemia.
  3. 2026Vitamin D status, supplementation, and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology
  4. 2025Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Chronic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrition reviews
  5. 2025Preoperative Vitamin D Supplementation to Reduce Hypocalcemia Following Total Thyroidectomy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Head & neck
  6. 2025Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation with and Without Collagen on Bone Density and Skin Elasticity in Menopausal Women-A Randomized Controlled Study.Clinics and practice
  7. 2025Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Risk of Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine
  8. 2025A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Vitamin D on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Nutrients
  9. 2025Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
  10. 2025Impact of vitamin D supplementation on symptom severity and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A meta-analysis.Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University
  11. 2025The effects of prenatal vitamin D supplementation on respiratory and allergy-related outcomes in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The World Allergy Organization journal
  12. 2025Effect of vitamin D supplementation on body composition, lipid profile, and glycemic indices in patients with obesity-associated metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome
  13. 2025Effect of vitamin D supplementation for major adverse cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis based on randomised controlled trials.The British journal of nutrition
  14. 2025Impact of Vitamin D(3) Supplementation on Androgens and Semen Parameters in Infertile Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Prospective Randomised Controlled Trials.Archivos espanoles de urologia
  15. 2025The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on the Incidence of Diagnosed Dementia Among Healthy Older Adults-The Finnish Vitamin D Trial.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences
  16. 2025The Effect of Dietary Supplements on Male Infertility in Terms of Pregnancy, Live Birth, and Sperm Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients
  17. 2025Vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo and incident type 2 diabetes in an ancillary study of the randomized Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial.Nature communications
  18. 2025The impact of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control and lipid metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.BMC endocrine disorders
  19. 2025Individual and additive effects of vitamin D, omega-3 and exercise on DNA methylation clocks of biological aging in older adults from the DO-HEALTH trial.Nature aging
  20. 2025Vitamin D supplementation for managing COVID-19 in patients with vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ open
  21. 2025The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy on Maternal, Neonatal, and Infant Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews
  22. 2025Effects of selected dietary supplements on migraine prophylaxis: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
  23. 2025Vitamin D for primary dysmenorrhea and endometriosis-related pain - A systematic review of registered RCTs.PloS one
  24. 2025Effect of vitamin D supplementation on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition
  25. 2025Serum 25 (OH) D levels and risk of female-specific cancer in premenopausal women: a prospective study.Frontiers in nutrition
  26. 2025Can Vitamin D supplementation enhance the effectiveness of exercise-induced weight loss in overweight or obese adults? Evidence from integrated transcriptomic and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition
  27. 2024Changes in bone density and microarchitecture following treatment of Graves' disease and the effects of vitamin D supplementation. A randomized clinical trial.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
  28. 2024Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism
  29. 2024Vitamin D supplementation decrease asthma exacerbations in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Annals of medicine
  30. 2024Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth
  31. 2024Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on depressive symptoms, C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Narra J
  32. 2024Effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes: an updated meta-analysis of RCTs.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)
  33. 2024The effect of vitamin D supplementation on depression: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Psychological medicine
  34. 2024The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation Post COVID-19 Infection and Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients
  35. 2024The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Alpha psychiatry
  36. 2024Role of vitamin D supplement adjunct to topical benzoyl peroxide in acne: a randomized double-blinded controlled study.International journal of women's dermatology
  37. 2024Effect of vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes in adult patients with COVID-19: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Pharmacology research & perspectives
  38. 2024Investigating the Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D3 Administration on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Iranian journal of medical sciences
  39. 2024Effect of vitamin D status and vitamin D supplementation on immune function and prevention of acute respiratory tract infections in dark-skinned individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Public health nutrition
  40. 2024Is Serum Vitamin D Associated with Depression or Anxiety in Ante- and Postnatal Adult Women? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Nutrients
  41. 2024Evaluating the Role of Vitamin D in Alleviating Chronic Pruritus: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences
  42. 2024The Importance of Vitamin K and the Combination of Vitamins K and D for Calcium Metabolism and Bone Health: A Review.Nutrients
  43. 2024Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
  44. 2024Does Vitamin D3 Supplementation Improve Depression Scores among Rural Adolescents? A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients
  45. 2024Effect of vitamin D, calcium, or combined supplementation on fall prevention: a systematic review and updated network meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics
  46. 2024Long-Term Effect of Randomization to Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Health in Older Women : Postintervention Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.Annals of internal medicine
  47. 2024Vitamin D Supplementation for Patients with Dysmenorrhoea: A Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Nutrients
  48. 2024Effectiveness of Vitamin D Supplementation on Disease Course in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.Inflammatory bowel diseases
  49. 2024Vitamin D(3) as an add-on treatment for multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
  50. 2024Comparison of the Effect of Daily Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration (Total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3) and Importance of Body Mass Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
  51. 2024The effect of vitamin D supplementation on primary depression: A meta-analysis.Journal of affective disorders
  52. 2024Neuroprotective effects of vitamin D in an Alzheimer's disease rat model: Improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction via calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 activation of Sirtuin1 phosphorylation.BioFactors (Oxford, England)
  53. 2024Association of Vitamin D Levels with Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
  54. 2024Therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 aggravation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology
  55. 2024Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms in older patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine
  56. 2024Efficacy of combination therapy of vitamin D and bisphosphonates in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology
  57. 2024Making the sunshine vitamin - How much sun exposure is needed to maintain 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration?Photochemistry and photobiology
  58. 2023The effect of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Critical reviews in food science and nutrition
  59. 2023Improved Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers After High-dose Vitamin D: A Randomized Double-blinded Clinical Trial.The international journal of lower extremity wounds
  60. 2023Vitamin D supplementation to prevent tuberculosis infection in South African schoolchildren: multicenter phase 3 double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial (ViDiKids).International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
  61. 2023Changes in bone turnover after high-dose vitamin D supplementation during acute pulmonary exacerbation in cystic fibrosis.Bone
  62. 2023Vitamin D supplementation for improving bone density in vitamin D-deficient children and adolescents: systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  63. 2023Effects of intermittent or single high-dose vitamin D supplementation on risk of falls and fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
  64. 2023Long-term supplementation with 3200 to 4000 IU of vitamin D daily and adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of nutrition
  65. 2023Effect of supplemental vitamin D3 on bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews
  66. 2023Vitamin D and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in People With Prediabetes : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data From 3 Randomized Clinical Trials.Annals of internal medicine
  67. 2023Vitamin D and neurodegenerative diseases.Heliyon
  68. 2023What is the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in older people? A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of older people nursing
  69. 2023Vitamin D protects against depression: Evidence from an umbrella meta-analysis on interventional and observational meta-analyses.Pharmacological research
  70. 2023Vitamin K supplementation and vascular calcification: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition
  71. 2023The effects of vitamin D on all-cause mortality in different diseases: an evidence-map and umbrella review of 116 randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition
  72. 2022Vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms: meta-analysis of studies .Psychiatria polska
  73. 2022Role of vitamin D supplementation in the management of musculoskeletal diseases: update from an European Society of Clinical and Economical Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) working group.Aging clinical and experimental research
  74. 2022The Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease in Preventing Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review.Cureus
  75. 2022Effects of Vitamin D on Physical Function: Results From the STURDY Trial.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences
  76. 2022Vitamin D-Mediated Regulation of Intestinal Calcium Absorption.Nutrients
  77. 2022The Relationship of Falls With Achieved 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels From Vitamin D Supplementation: The STURDY Trial.Journal of the Endocrine Society
  78. 2022Different Vitamin D Supplementation Strategies in the First Years of Life: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
  79. 2022ESPEN micronutrient guideline.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
  80. 2022Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Risk of Fractures and Falls According to Dosage and Interval: A Meta-Analysis.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)
  81. 2022Vitamin D and Its Target Genes.Nutrients
  82. 2021Impact of carbamazepine on vitamin D levels: A meta-analysis.Epilepsy research
  83. 2021The combination of omega-3 fatty acids with high doses of vitamin D3 elevate A1c levels: A randomized Clinical Trial in people with vitamin D deficiency.International journal of clinical practice
  84. 2021The effect of vitamin D supplementation on clinical symptoms and metabolic profiles in patients with endometriosis.Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology
  85. 2021Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Plasma Cathelicidin Response to 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Supplementation: A Pilot Study.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.)
  86. 2021Vitamin D supplementation in multiple sclerosis: an expert opinion based on the review of current evidence.Expert review of neurotherapeutics
  87. 2021Effects of a 2-Week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Recovery of Symptoms in Patients with Mild to Moderate Covid-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients
  88. 2021An Approach to Investigate Content-Related Quality of Nutraceuticals Used by Slovenian Consumers: A Case Study with Folate and Vitamin D Supplements.Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
  89. 2021Relationship of Vitamin D status with testosterone levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine
  90. 2021Effect of a Single High Dose of Vitamin D3 on Hospital Length of Stay in Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA
  91. 2021The Effects of Four Doses of Vitamin D Supplements on Falls in Older Adults : A Response-Adaptive, Randomized Clinical Trial.Annals of internal medicine
  92. 2021Vitamin D and Male Erectile Function: An Updated Review.The world journal of men's health
  93. 2021The effect of vitamin MK-7 on bone mineral density and microarchitecture in postmenopausal women with osteopenia, a 3-year randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
  94. 2020Adverse Effects of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Volumetric Bone Density Are Greater in Females than Males.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
  95. 2020A systematic review and meta-analysis of vitamin D and calcium in preventing osteoporotic fractures.Clinical rheumatology
  96. 2020Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation for 12 weeks on serum levels of anabolic hormones, anaerobic power, and aerobic performance in active male subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.European journal of sport science
  97. 2020"Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: A pilot randomized clinical study".The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology
  98. 2020Calcium Alkali Thiazide Syndrome: What We Need to Know.Cureus
  99. 2020Vitamin D receptor(s): In the nucleus but also at membranes?Experimental dermatology
  100. 2020Effect of Monthly High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Acute Respiratory Infections in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
  101. 2020Supplementation with vitamin D or ω-3 fatty acids in adolescent girls and young women with endometriosis (SAGE): a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  102. 2020Vitamin D Synthesis Following a Single Bout of Sun Exposure in Older and Younger Men and Women.Nutrients
  103. 2020Reviewing the Evidence on Vitamin D Supplementation in the Management of Testosterone Status and Its Effects on Male Reproductive System (Testis and Prostate): Mechanistically Dazzling but Clinically Disappointing.Clinical therapeutics
  104. 2020Influence of Sunlight and Oral D(3) Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players.Nutrients
  105. 2020Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on vascular and metabolic health of vitamin D-deficient overweight and obese children: a randomized clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  106. 2020Effects of Seasonal Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Strength, Power, and Body Composition in College Swimmers.International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
  107. 2020Vitamin D Supplementation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Critical Analysis of Potentials and Threats.Nutrients
  108. 2019Effects of vitamin D supplementation on androgens in men with low testosterone levels: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition
  109. 2019Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cognitive function and blood Aβ-related biomarkers in older adults with Alzheimer's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
  110. 2019Vitamin D and Calcium for the Prevention of Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open
  111. 2019The effect of sunscreen on vitamin D: a review.The British journal of dermatology
  112. 2019Sunscreen photoprotection and vitamin D status.The British journal of dermatology
  113. 2019Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on insulin resistance and β-cell function in prediabetes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  114. 2019Randomized trial of daily high-dose vitamin DNeurology
  115. 2019Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: an updated meta-analysis.BMC neurology
  116. 2019Vitamin D Supplementation for Premenstrual Syndrome-Related inflammation and antioxidant markers in students with vitamin D deficient: a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports
  117. 2019The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the androgenic profile in men: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.Andrologia
  118. 2019Cholecalciferol in relapsing-remitting MS: A randomized clinical trial (CHOLINE).Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation
  119. 2019Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risks in More Than 83 000 Individuals in 21 Randomized Clinical Trials: A Meta-analysis.JAMA cardiology
  120. 2019Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
  121. 2019Causal Link Between Vitamin D and Total Testosterone in Men: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
  122. 2019Winter cholecalciferol supplementation at 55°N has little effect on markers of innate immune defense in healthy children aged 4-8 years: a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition
  123. 20191,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D exerts an antiaging role by activation of Nrf2-antioxidant signaling and inactivation of p16/p53-senescence signaling.Aging cell
  124. 2019Vitamin D supplementation does not prevent the testosterone decline in males with advanced heart failure: the EVITA trial.European journal of nutrition
  125. 2019Effect of Vitamin D supplementation to reduce respiratory infections in children and adolescents in Vietnam: A randomized controlled trial.Influenza and other respiratory viruses
  126. 2019Vitamin D attenuates cerebral artery remodeling through VDR/AMPK/eNOS dimer phosphorylation pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
  127. 2019Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)
  128. 2019Vitamin D Status and Mortality: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health
  129. 2019The Effect of Vitamin D Supplement Consumption on Premenstrual Syndrome in Vitamin D-Deficient Young Girls: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Complementary medicine research
  130. 2019Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in major depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of postgraduate medicine
  131. 2018Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Haematological Values and Muscle Recovery in Elite Male Traditional Rowers.Nutrients
  132. 2018Effects of vitamin D supplementation on musculoskeletal health: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology
  133. 2018Fractional Sunburn Threshold UVR Doses Generate Equivalent Vitamin D and DNA Damage in Skin Types I-VI but with Epidermal DNA Damage Gradient Correlated to Skin Darkness.The Journal of investigative dermatology
  134. 2018The effect of vitamin D supplement on the score and quality of sleep in 20-50 year-old people with sleep disorders compared with control group.Nutritional neuroscience
  135. 2018Vitamin D₃ Supplementation Reduces the Symptoms of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection during Winter Training in Vitamin D-Insufficient Taekwondo Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health
  136. 2018Vitamin D for the management of multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
  137. 2018Preventive Effects of Vitamin D on Seasonal Influenza A in Infants: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open, Controlled Clinical Trial.The Pediatric infectious disease journal
  138. 2018Vitamin D Improves Neurogenesis and Cognition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology
  139. 2018High dose vitamin D supplementation can improve menstrual problems, dysmenorrhea, and premenstrual syndrome in adolescents.Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology
  140. 2018Development of Vitamin D Toxicity from Overcorrection of Vitamin D Deficiency: A Review of Case Reports.Nutrients
  141. 2018Vitamin D Supplementation Seems to Improve Fibromyalgia Symptoms: Preliminary Results.The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ
  142. 2018Vitamin D in Vascular Calcification: A Double-Edged Sword?Nutrients
  143. 2018Colour Counts: Sunlight and Skin Type as Drivers of Vitamin D Deficiency at UK Latitudes.Nutrients
  144. 2018Meeting Vitamin D Requirements in White Caucasians at UK Latitudes: Providing a Choice.Nutrients
  145. 2018Vitamin D and calcium supplementation, skeletal muscle strength and serum testosterone in young healthy adult males: Randomized control trial.Clinical endocrinology
  146. 2018Intestinal absorption of vitamin D: a systematic review.Nutrition reviews
  147. 2018Intake of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Reduces Duration and Severity of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Comparison Study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging
  148. 2017Sunscreens block cutaneous vitamin D production with only a minimal effect on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D.Archives of osteoporosis
  149. 2017Vitamin D Metabolism in Bariatric Surgery.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
  150. 2017Therapeutic effect of vitamin D in acute lower respiratory infection: A randomized controlled trial.Clinical nutrition ESPEN
  151. 2017Effect of High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Wintertime Vitamin D Supplementation on Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Young Healthy Children.JAMA
  152. 2017Effects of Vitamin D Therapy on Quality of Life in Patients with Fibromyalgia.The Eurasian journal of medicine
  153. 2017Vitamin D(3) supplementation does not modify cardiovascular risk profile of adults with inadequate vitamin D status.European journal of nutrition
  154. 2017High-Dose Monthly Vitamin D for Prevention of Acute Respiratory Infection in Older Long-Term Care Residents: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
  155. 2017Ultraviolet radiation and the skin: Photobiology and sunscreen photoprotection.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
  156. 2016Vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) prevents age-related deterioration of trabecular bone microarchitecture at the tibia in postmenopausal women.European journal of endocrinology
  157. 2016Effects of Vitamin D on Endometriosis-Related Pain: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
  158. 2016Vitamin D deficiency: A single centre analysis of patients from 136 countries.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology
  159. 2016Vitamin D receptor 2016: novel ligands and structural insights.Expert opinion on therapeutic patents
  160. 2016The other side of vitamin D therapy: 
a case series of acute kidney injury due to malpractice-related vitamin D intoxication
.Clinical nephrology
  161. 2016Vitamin D Supplementation for Premenstrual Syndrome-Related Mood Disorders in Adolescents with Severe Hypovitaminosis D.Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology
  162. 2016Effect of vitamin D supplementation, directly or via breast milk for term infants, on serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and related biochemistry, and propensity to infection: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.The British journal of nutrition
  163. 2016Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Colds in Patients with Asthma.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
  164. 2016Layer Thickness of SPF 30 Sunscreen and Formation of Pre-vitamin D.Anticancer research
  165. 2016Vitamin D Supplementation Affects the Beck Depression Inventory, Insulin Resistance, and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.The Journal of nutrition
  166. 2016Monthly High-Dose Vitamin D Treatment for the Prevention of Functional Decline: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA internal medicine
  167. 2016Mechanistic Insights of Vitamin D Anticancer Effects.Vitamins and hormones
  168. 2016Vitamin D status and supplementation before and after bariatric surgery: a comprehensive literature review.Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery
  169. 2016Evaluating the effects of vitamin D and vitamin E supplement on premenstrual syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research
  170. 2015A systems-based investigation into vitamin D and skeletal muscle repair, regeneration, and hypertrophy.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism
  171. 2015Double-blind randomised controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation for the prevention of acute respiratory infection in older adults and their carers (ViDiFlu).Thorax
  172. 2015Double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of bolus-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in adults with asthma (ViDiAs).Thorax
  173. 2015Reduced primary care respiratory infection visits following pregnancy and infancy vitamin D supplementation: a randomised controlled trial.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
  174. 2015Letter to Veugelers, P.J. and Ekwaru, J.P., A statistical error in the estimation of the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin D. Nutrients 2014, 6, 4472-4475; doi:10.3390/nu6104472.Nutrients
  175. 2015Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Does it Exist?Oman medical journal
  176. 2015Hypercalcemia Associated with Calcium Supplement Use: Prevalence and Characteristics in Hospitalized Patients.Journal of clinical medicine
  177. 2015Vitamin K1 and 25(OH)D are independently and synergistically associated with a risk for hip fracture in an elderly population: a case control study.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
  178. 2015Vitamin D supplementation and upper respiratory tract infections in adolescent swimmers: a randomized controlled trial.Pediatric exercise science
  179. 2014A statistical error in the estimation of the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin D.Nutrients
  180. 2014Effects of vitamin D supplements on influenza A illness during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: a randomized controlled trial.Food & function
  181. 2014Meta-analysis of all-cause mortality according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.American journal of public health
  182. 2014Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy: a systematic review.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)
  183. 2014Including food 25-hydroxyvitamin D in intake estimates may reduce the discrepancy between dietary and serum measures of vitamin D status.The Journal of nutrition
  184. 2014Vitamin D3 and gargling for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial.BMC infectious diseases
  185. 2014Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
  186. 2014Effects of vitamin D on patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.Pain
  187. 2014Vitamin D intoxication due to an erroneously manufactured dietary supplement in seven children.Pediatrics
  188. 2014Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
  189. 2014Application of sunscreen--theory and reality.Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine
  190. 2013Vitamin D3 supplementation and upper respiratory tract infections in a randomized, controlled trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
  191. 2013Vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of acute otitis media in otitis-prone children.The Pediatric infectious disease journal
  192. 2013Meal conditions affect the absorption of supplemental vitamin D3 but not the plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to supplementation.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
  193. 2013Interplay between vitamin D and the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology
  194. 2013Vitamin D and immune function.Nutrients
  195. 2013Impact of vitamin D supplementation during a resistance training intervention on body composition, muscle function, and glucose tolerance in overweight and obese adults.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
  196. 2013Drug-vitamin D interactions: a systematic review of the literature.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
  197. 2013Evaluation of vitamin D medicines and dietary supplements and the physicochemical analysis of selected formulations.The journal of nutrition, health & aging
  198. 2013Vitamin D deficiency and depression in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science
  199. 2013Vitamin D, effects on brain development, adult brain function and the links between low levels of vitamin D and neuropsychiatric disease.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
  200. 2013Supplementation with 1000 IU vitamin D/d leads to parathyroid hormone suppression, but not increased fractional calcium absorption, in 4-8-y-old children: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  201. 2013Effect of vitamin D supplementation on progression of knee pain and cartilage volume loss in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial.JAMA
  202. 20131α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and resolvin D1 retune the balance between amyloid-β phagocytosis and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease patients.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
  203. 2012Determination of vitamin D in relation to body mass index and race in a defined population of black and white women.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
  204. 2012Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on upper respiratory tract infections in healthy adults: the VIDARIS randomized controlled trial.JAMA
  205. 2012A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation to improve glycaemia in overweight and obese African Americans.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism
  206. 2012The effect of vitamin D and frailty on mortality among non-institutionalized US older adults.European journal of clinical nutrition
  207. 2012Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation and risk of acute respiratory infection in Mongolia.Pediatrics
  208. 2012A 12-week double-blind randomized clinical trial of vitamin D₃ supplementation on body fat mass in healthy overweight and obese women.Nutrition journal
  209. 2012Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on relapses, disease progression, and measures of function in persons with multiple sclerosis: exploratory outcomes from a double-blind randomised controlled trial.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
  210. 2012The relation between sunscreen layer thickness and vitamin D production after ultraviolet B exposure: a randomized clinical trial.The British journal of dermatology
  211. 2012Vitamin D, tuberculin skin test conversion, and latent tuberculosis in Mongolian school-age children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled feasibility trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  212. 2012Hypercalcemic crisis induced by calcium carbonate.Clinical kidney journal
  213. 2012Relationship between 25-OH-D serum level and relapse rate in multiple sclerosis patients before and after vitamin D supplementation.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
  214. 2012Vitamin D supplementation for severe pneumonia--a randomized controlled trial.Indian pediatrics
  215. 2012Comparison of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  216. 2012Vitamin D: The "sunshine" vitamin.Journal of pharmacology & pharmacotherapeutics
  217. 2012Influence of drugs on vitamin D and calcium metabolism.Dermato-endocrinology
  218. 2012Different doses of supplemental vitamin D maintain interleukin-5 without altering skeletal muscle strength: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in vitamin D sufficient adults.Nutrition & metabolism
  219. 2012Vitamin D supplementation did not prevent influenza-like illness as diagnosed retrospectively by questionnaires in subjects participating in randomized clinical trials.Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases
  220. 2012Severe hypercalcemia following vitamin d supplementation in a patient with multiple sclerosis: a note of caution.Archives of neurology
  221. 2012Effects of adjunct low-dose vitamin d on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis progression: preliminary findings of a randomized placebo-controlled trial.Multiple sclerosis international
  222. 2012A prospective randomized controlled trial of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk.PloS one
  223. 2012Vitamin D3 supplementation in patients with frequent respiratory tract infections: a randomised and double-blind intervention study.BMJ open
  224. 2011Vitamin D metabolism and function in the skin.Molecular and cellular endocrinology
  225. 2011Vitamin D3 supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine
  226. 2011The beneficial role of vitamin D in Alzheimer's disease.American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
  227. 2011Latitude is significantly associated with the prevalence of multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
  228. 2011Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on pancreatic β cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glycemia in adults at high risk of diabetes: the Calcium and Vitamin D for Diabetes Mellitus (CaDDM) randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  229. 2011Vitamin K supplement along with vitamin D and calcium reduced serum concentration of undercarboxylated osteocalcin while increasing bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women over sixty-years-old.Journal of Korean medical science
  230. 2011Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
  231. 2011Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men.Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme
  232. 2011Vitamin D threshold to prevent aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia: a prospective cohort study.Breast cancer research and treatment
  233. 2011Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in US adults.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)
  234. 2011Therapeutic effect of vitamin D3 in multiple sclerosis patients.Immunological investigations
  235. 2011Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D
  236. 2010Effects of vitamin D supplementation to children diagnosed with pneumonia in Kabul: a randomised controlled trial.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH
  237. 2010Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of acute respiratory tract infection: a randomized, double-blinded trial among young Finnish men.The Journal of infectious diseases
  238. 2010Association of vitamin D status with serum androgen levels in men.Clinical endocrinology
  239. 2010Holick's rule and vitamin D from sunlight.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology
  240. 2010Association of A1C levels with vitamin D status in U.S. adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Diabetes care
  241. 2010Estimated equivalency of vitamin D production from natural sun exposure versus oral vitamin D supplementation across seasons at two US latitudes.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
  242. 2010The vitamin D receptor: new paradigms for the regulation of gene expression by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3).Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
  243. 2010Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  244. 2010Annual high-dose oral vitamin D and falls and fractures in older women: a randomized controlled trial.JAMA
  245. 2010Taking vitamin D with the largest meal improves absorption and results in higher serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
  246. 2010Systematic review: Vitamin D and calcium supplementation in prevention of cardiovascular events.Annals of internal medicine
  247. 2010Effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, joint pain, and fatigue in women starting adjuvant letrozole treatment for breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment
  248. 2009Vitamin D, a neuro-immunomodulator: implications for neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases.Psychoneuroendocrinology
  249. 2009A randomized controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation for the prevention of symptomatic upper respiratory tract infections.Epidemiology and infection
  250. 2009Effect of vitamin D on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of hypertension
  251. 2009Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
  252. 2009Vitamin K treatment reduces undercarboxylated osteocalcin but does not alter bone turnover, density, or geometry in healthy postmenopausal North American women.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
  253. 2009Association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer risk.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)
  254. 2009Vitamin D supplementation enhances the beneficial effects of weight loss on cardiovascular disease risk markers.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  255. 2009Correlation of symptoms with vitamin D deficiency and symptom response to cholecalciferol treatment: a randomized controlled trial.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
  256. 2009Prevention of nonvertebral fractures with oral vitamin D and dose dependency: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Archives of internal medicine
  257. 2009Effects of vitamin D supplementation in atorvastatin-treated patients: a new drug interaction with an unexpected consequence.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
  258. 2008Geographic location and vitamin D synthesis.Molecular aspects of medicine
  259. 2008Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents.Pediatrics
  260. 2008Vitamin D and kidney disease.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN
  261. 2008The association between ultraviolet B irradiance, vitamin D status and incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in 51 regions worldwide.Diabetologia
  262. 2008Independent association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Archives of internal medicine
  263. 2008Vitamin D status in gastrointestinal and liver disease.Current opinion in gastroenterology
  264. 2007Vitamin D supplementation to prevent infections: a sub-study of a randomised placebo-controlled trial in older people (RECORD trial, ISRCTN 51647438).Age and ageing
  265. 2007Modulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human B cell differentiation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
  266. 2007Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ethnicity, and blood pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.American journal of hypertension
  267. 2007Vitamin D deficiency.The New England journal of medicine
  268. 2007Childhood sun exposure influences risk of multiple sclerosis in monozygotic twins.Neurology
  269. 2007Vitamin D intakes in North America and Asia-Pacific countries are not sufficient to prevent vitamin D insufficiency.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology
  270. 2007The urgent need to recommend an intake of vitamin D that is effective.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  271. 2007Vitamin D and prevention of breast cancer: pooled analysis.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology
  272. 2007A higher dose of vitamin d reduces the risk of falls in nursing home residents: a randomized, multiple-dose study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
  273. 2006Vitamin D intake and the risk for pancreatic cancer in two cohort studies.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
  274. 2006Severe hypercalcemia after transition from calcium carbonate to calcium citrate in an elderly woman treated with ergocalciferol 50,000 IU per day.The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy
  275. 2006Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures.The New England journal of medicine
  276. 2006Calculated ultraviolet exposure levels for a healthy vitamin D status.Photochemistry and photobiology
  277. 2006Vitamin D.
  278. 2005Milk-alkali syndrome is a major cause of hypercalcaemia among non-end-stage renal disease (non-ESRD) inpatients.Clinical endocrinology
  279. 2005Daily duration of vitamin D synthesis in human skin with relation to latitude, total ozone, altitude, ground cover, aerosols and cloud thickness.Photochemistry and photobiology
  280. 2004Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  281. 2003Which parameter is more influential on the development of arteriosclerosis in hemodialysis patients?Renal failure
  282. 2003The effect of vitamin D3 on insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients.International journal of clinical practice
  283. 2002Effects of orlistat on fat-soluble vitamins in obese adolescents.Pharmacotherapy
  284. 2002Effect of antiepileptic drugs on bone density in ambulatory patients.Neurology
  285. 2002Effect of continuous combined therapy with vitamin K(2) and vitamin D(3) on bone mineral density and coagulofibrinolysis function in postmenopausal women.Maturitas
  286. 2001Influence of orlistat on bone turnover and body composition.International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
  287. 2000Bone mass and markers of bone and calcium metabolism in postmenopausal women treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (Calcitriol) for four years.Calcified tissue international
  288. 2000Effect of combined administration of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association
  289. 1999Digoxin, hypercalcaemia, and cardiac conduction.Postgraduate medical journal
  290. 1997A one-year trial to assess the value of orlistat in the management of obesity.International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
  291. 1992Effects of long-term cholestyramine administration on vitamin D and parathormone levels in middle-aged men with hypercholesterolemia.The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine
  292. 1989Sunlight regulates the cutaneous production of vitamin D3 by causing its photodegradation.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
  293. 1988Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
  294. 1986A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy.The Quarterly journal of medicine
  295. 1981Calcium and calciferol antagonise effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation.British medical journal (Clinical research ed.)
  296. 1980Increased incidence of nephrolithiasis (N) in lifeguards (LG) in Israel.Advances in experimental medicine and biology
  297. 1978Oral 25-hydroxyvitain D3 in treatment of osteomalacia associated with ileal resection and cholestyramine therapy.Gastroenterology

Our Assessment: Vitamin D3

Well-Researched
Evidence Rating

One of the most studied nutrients in existence. Deficiency is common and correcting it improves immune function, bone health, and testosterone in deficient men. Effects are most meaningful when you're actually low.

What's Solid
  • Vitamin D deficiency is extremely common and well-documented
  • Immune function benefits are supported by high-quality meta-analyses
  • Bone health benefits are established
  • Testosterone effects are demonstrated in deficient men
  • The mechanism (VDR activation, gene regulation) is understood
What's More Variable
  • Testosterone effects appear specific to men who are deficient
  • Benefits for mood and depression are inconsistent in research
  • Optimal blood levels are still debated (though deficiency thresholds are clear)
  • Very high doses over extended periods can cause problems

How Vitamin D3 Fits the Formula

No ingredient works alone. Vitamin D3 was chosen because it amplifies — and is amplified by — specific formula partners.

Vitamin D3

Safety and Precautions

Vitamin D is generally safe at recommended doses. The tolerable upper intake level is 100mcg (4,000 IU) per day for adults, though many researchers and clinicians consider higher doses safe for those with deficiency.
Don't mega-dose
Very high doses over extended periods can lead to hypercalcemia (elevated blood calcium), which causes problems including nausea, kidney issues, and more.
Fat-soluble
Take with a meal containing fat for best absorption.
Certain conditions increase sensitivity
People with granulomatous diseases or certain lymphomas may need to be more cautious with vitamin D.
Blood testing: If you want to optimize your vitamin D status precisely, blood testing (25-hydroxyvitamin D) can show your current levels and guide supplementation.

Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new dietary supplement, especially if you have an existing medical condition or take prescription medications.

RBRN Vitality

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75mcg (3,000 IU) in every serving — $64.99.

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