Zinc

testosterone

Abstract

Zinc is one of 24 micronutrients essential for human survival, and it plays a critical role in male health — it's required for the enzymatic reactions that produce testosterone. When zinc is deficient, testosterone production suffers. That's established biochemistry, not speculation.

We include zinc as zinc picolinate, a well-absorbed chelated form designed for uptake. Our 20mg dose provides 182% of the daily value — moderate supplementation that accounts for the zinc most active men lose through exercise, stress, and lifestyle, while staying well under the 40mg upper limit.

The statements on this page have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Zinc Benefits — What Studies Found

Exercise, stress, and alcohol quietly drain a mineral your body can’t make testosterone without. Zinc helps maintain what daily life depletes.

+93%

Testosterone in Deficient Men

Testosterone (Deficient)

Testosterone in Deficient Men

Uncontrolled study (n=9) in zinc-deficient elderly men. Effects are specific to deficiency correction — see full context below.

View study →
300+

Essential Mineral Cofactor

Enzymes

Essential Mineral Cofactor

Zinc is required for 300+ enzymatic reactions including testosterone synthesis. Foundational biology, not a supplement trend.

Why a 20mg dose of Zinc

Our 20mg dose provides 182% of the daily value — a moderate dose that covers the RDI and accounts for the zinc most active men lose through exercise, stress, and lifestyle.

  • 182% of Daily Value Covers the RDI and offsets zinc losses from sweat, stress, and lifestyle factors without approaching excessive territory.
  • Zinc Picolinate for Absorption A well-absorbed chelated form that delivers consistent elemental zinc per serving.
  • Foundational Mineral Zinc is biochemically required for testosterone synthesis, making it a prerequisite the other ingredients build on.
  • Established Nutrient-Hormone Link The relationship between zinc status and testosterone production is one of the most documented in nutritional science.

Note on upper limits: If you take additional zinc supplements, be mindful of total daily intake. Chronic high-dose zinc supplementation (>40mg/day) can interfere with copper absorption and cause other issues.

Purposeful Without Excess

0mg
15mg 20mg 40mg
50mg

Studies on zinc and testosterone use 15–40mg daily. Our 20mg covers 182% of the daily value — a moderate dose that offsets common deficiencies from exercise, stress, and diet while staying well under the 40mg upper limit.

Zinc in its natural environment
ZincTestosterone Synthesis Cofactor

Your body doesn't synthesize testosterone without zinc. Every workout, every stressful day, every drink quietly drains it.

What the Research Shows

Zinc is one of the most researched nutrients with hundreds of studies. Its role in testosterone production is not speculative—it’s established biochemistry. The practical question is whether you’re getting enough from diet alone. For men who exercise, experience stress, or don’t eat much red meat, supplemental zinc makes sense. It’s foundational insurance for a critical mineral.

4 peer-reviewed studies cited· See all 239 published studies →

02

Exercise-Induced Depletion

Kilic M, et al. (2006). Neuro Endocrinology Letters. Source

Athletes and regular exercisers show increased zinc requirements. A study found that zinc supplementation in wrestlers prevented the exercise-induced decline in testosterone and thyroid hormone levels.

03

Immune Function

Wessels I, et al. (2017). Nutrients. Source

Zinc is critical for immune function. Deficiency impairs immune cell function, while adequate zinc supports both innate and adaptive immunity. This has been extensively documented across multiple studies.

04

Aromatase Modulation

Om AS, Chung KW. (1996). The Journal of Nutrition. Source

An animal study found that zinc deficiency altered aromatization of testosterone in rat liver, suggesting zinc plays a role in modulating testosterone-to-estrogen balance. This is an additional proposed mechanism beyond its role in testosterone synthesis.

Published Research

239 studies

Every claim we make is grounded in peer-reviewed research. Tap any study to read the abstract.

Year Title Journal
  1. 2025Zinc adjuvant treatment in SARS-CoV-2: A randomized clinical trial.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)
  2. 2025Hair Loss and Zinc Deficiency: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
  3. 2025Zinc supplementation for postoperative sore throat prevention: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine
  4. 2025The Efficacy of Zinc Supplementation Alone or in Combination for Improving Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of evidence-based medicine
  5. 2025A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the role of zinc supplementation in ameliorating physical and psychological manifestations of premenstrual syndrome in young females.European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology
  6. 2025Micronutrients, Vitamin D, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Causal Inference Studies.Nutrition reviews
  7. 2024Zinc supplementation for acute and persistent watery diarrhoea in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health
  8. 2024A systematic review and meta-analysis on nutritional and dietary interventions for the treatment of acute respiratory infection in pediatric patients: An EAACI taskforce.Allergy
  9. 2024Effect of zinc supplementation on glycemic biomarkers: an umbrella of interventional meta-analyses.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome
  10. 2024Zinc for prevention and treatment of the common cold.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
  11. 2024Effect of zinc supplementation in the management of type 2 diabetes: A grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation-assessed, dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Critical reviews in food science and nutrition
  12. 2023Effects of folic acid and folic acid plus zinc supplements on the sperm characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of infertile men: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Heliyon
  13. 2023Correlation between serum zinc and testosterone: A systematic review.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)
  14. 2023Zinc supplementation for preventing mortality, morbidity, and growth failure in children aged 6 months to 12 years.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
  15. 2023Effect of zinc supplementation on blood sugar control in the overweight and obese population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Obesity research & clinical practice
  16. 2022Adverse Effects of Excessive Zinc Intake in Infants and Children Aged 0-3 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
  17. 2022Enteral Zinc Supplementation in Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Pediatrics
  18. 2022ESPEN micronutrient guideline.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
  19. 2022Effect of enteral zinc supplementation on growth and neurodevelopment of preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association
  20. 2022Zinc in depression: From development to treatment: A comparative/ dose response meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials.General hospital psychiatry
  21. 2022Genetically Predicted Circulating Concentrations of Micronutrients and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Frontiers in nutrition
  22. 2021Zinc for the prevention or treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections in adults: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ open
  23. 2021Prevalence of Zinc Deficiency in Healthy 1-3-Year-Old Children from Three Western European Countries.Nutrients
  24. 2021Glutamate and depression: Reflecting a deepening knowledge of the gut and brain effects of a ubiquitous molecule.World journal of psychiatry
  25. 2021Zinc supplementation for improving pregnancy and infant outcome.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
  26. 2021Effects of Dose and Duration of Zinc Interventions on Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
  27. 2021Zinc supplementation combined with antidepressant drugs for treatment of patients with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews
  28. 2021Zinc.Advances in food and nutrition research
  29. 2021Effectiveness of Pharmacological Intervention Among Men with Infertility: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology
  30. 2020Serum zinc levels and efficacy of zinc treatment in acne vulgaris: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Dermatologic therapy
  31. 2020Zinc deficiency in low- and middle-income countries: prevalence and approaches for mitigation.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association
  32. 2020Interactions between antiretroviral therapy and complementary and alternative medicine: a narrative review.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
  33. 2020HIV-1 Virologic Rebound Due to Coadministration of Divalent Cations and Bictegravir.Infectious diseases and therapy
  34. 2020Zinc Supplementation Reduces Common Cold Duration among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with Micronutrients Supplementation.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
  35. 2020Effects of zinc supplementation on lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD
  36. 2020Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Biological trace element research
  37. 2020Topical azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, sulphur, zinc and fruit acid (alpha-hydroxy acid) for acne.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
  38. 2020Diet and Nutritional Factors in Male (In)fertility-Underestimated Factors.Journal of clinical medicine
  39. 2020Zinc supplementation for the promotion of growth and prevention of infections in infants less than six months of age.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
  40. 2020Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Physical and Psychological Symptoms, Biomarkers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Young Women with Premenstrual Syndrome: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Biological trace element research
  41. 2020Zinc acetate lozenges for the treatment of the common cold: a randomised controlled trial.BMJ open
  42. 2019Role of Zinc in Immune System and Anti-Cancer Defense Mechanisms.Nutrients
  43. 2019Iron and Zinc Homeostasis and Interactions: Does Enteric Zinc Excretion Cross-Talk with Intestinal Iron Absorption?Nutrients
  44. 2019Zinc supplementation improves glycemic control for diabetes prevention and management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  45. 2019Revisiting Oral Fluoroquinolone and Multivalent Cation Drug-Drug Interactions: Are They Still Relevant?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
  46. 2019Baloxavir Marboxil.Hospital pharmacy
  47. 2018Diuretics, Ca-Antagonists, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Affect Zinc Status in Hypertensive Patients on Monotherapy: A Randomized Trial.Nutrients
  48. 2018ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
  49. 2018Efficacy of zinc given as an adjunct to the treatment of severe pneumonia: A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trials.The clinical respiratory journal
  50. 2018Role of Magnesium in Vitamin D Activation and Function.The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
  51. 2018Advances in Treatment of Wilson Disease.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)
  52. 2018Chronic Low Testosterone Levels in Endurance Trained Men: The Exercise- Hypogonadal Male Condition.Journal of biochemistry and physiology
  53. 2017Zinc as a Gatekeeper of Immune Function.Nutrients
  54. 2017[Pharmacokinetic Studies of Orally Administered Magnesium Oxide in Rats].Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
  55. 2017Effect of zinc sulfate supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health-related quality of life: Clinical randomized controlled trial.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research
  56. 2017Interactions of iron with manganese, zinc, chromium, and selenium as related to prophylaxis and treatment of iron deficiency.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)
  57. 2017A Perspective on Middle-Aged and Older Men With Functional Hypogonadism: Focus on Holistic Management.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
  58. 2017Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review.International journal of STD & AIDS
  59. 2016Zinc and immunity: An essential interrelation.Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
  60. 2016Zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
  61. 2016Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
  62. 2016Association between seminal plasma zinc level and asthenozoospermia: a meta-analysis study.Andrologia
  63. 2016Acceptability, Safety, and Efficacy of Oral Administration of Extracts of Black or Red Maca (Lepidium meyenii) in Adult Human Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
  64. 2016Relationships between micronutrient losses in sweat and blood pressure among heat-exposed steelworkers.Industrial health
  65. 2016Zinc levels in seminal plasma and their correlation with male infertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports
  66. 2015Age-specific population centiles for androgen status in men.European journal of endocrinology
  67. 2015High Rates of Depression and Depressive Symptoms among Men Referred for Borderline Testosterone Levels.The journal of sexual medicine
  68. 2015Zinc monotherapy increases serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and decreases depressive symptoms in overweight or obese subjects: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Nutritional neuroscience
  69. 2015Determination of zinc status in humans: which indicator should we use?Nutrients
  70. 2015Effect of iron chelator desferrioxamine on serum zinc levels in patients with beta thalassemia major.The Malaysian journal of pathology
  71. 2015Letter to Veugelers, P.J. and Ekwaru, J.P., A statistical error in the estimation of the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin D. Nutrients 2014, 6, 4472-4475; doi:10.3390/nu6104472.Nutrients
  72. 2015Three and six grams supplementation of d-aspartic acid in resistance trained men.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
  73. 2015A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of maca root as treatment for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction in women.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM
  74. 2015Combination Therapy Using Chelating Agent and Zinc for Wilson's Disease.Journal of medical and biological engineering
  75. 2014A statistical error in the estimation of the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin D.Nutrients
  76. 2014Zinc supplementation for preventing mortality, morbidity, and growth failure in children aged 6 months to 12 years of age.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
  77. 2014Effects of zinc supplementation on efficacy of antidepressant therapy, inflammatory cytokines, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with major depression.Nutritional neuroscience
  78. 2014The Interplay between Magnesium and Testosterone in Modulating Physical Function in Men.International journal of endocrinology
  79. 2014Acute and chronic effects of resistance exercise on the testosterone and cortisol responses in obese males: a systematic review.Physiological research
  80. 2013Oral zinc supplementation for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrients
  81. 2013D-aspartic acid supplementation combined with 28 days of heavy resistance training has no effect on body composition, muscle strength, and serum hormones associated with the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in resistance-trained men.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)
  82. 2013Pharmaco-nutrient interactions - a systematic review of zinc and antihypertensive therapy.International journal of clinical practice
  83. 2013Coadministration of atazanavir-ritonavir and zinc sulfate: impact on hyperbilirubinemia and pharmacokinetics.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
  84. 2013Body weight loss reverts obesity-associated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of endocrinology
  85. 2013Efficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2-24 mo of age: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  86. 2013Zinc supplementation for treating diarrhea in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health
  87. 2013Diuretics aggravate zinc deficiency in patients with liver cirrhosis by increasing zinc excretion in urine.Hepatology research : the official journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology
  88. 2013The effects of chelators on zinc levels in patients with thalassemia major.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)
  89. 2013Long-term effects of a combination of D-penicillamine and zinc salts in the treatment of Wilson's disease in children.Experimental and therapeutic medicine
  90. 2013Age-associated changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function in middle-aged and older men are modified by weight change and lifestyle factors: longitudinal results from the European Male Ageing Study.European journal of endocrinology
  91. 2013Sleep deprivation lowers reactive aggression and testosterone in men.Biological psychology
  92. 2013A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of zinc sulfate supplementation for alleviation of radiation-induced oral mucositis and pharyngitis in head and neck cancer patients.Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet
  93. 2013Low total testosterone levels are associated with the metabolic syndrome in elderly men: the role of body weight, lipids, insulin resistance, and inflammation; the Ikaria study.The review of diabetic studies : RDS
  94. 2012Effect of increasing concentrations of zinc on the absorption of iron from iron-fortified milk.Biological trace element research
  95. 2012Evaluation of oral zinc sulfate effect on obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
  96. 2012Acute inhibition of iron bioavailability by zinc: studies in humans.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine
  97. 2012Effects of low dose zinc supplementation on biochemical markers in non-alcoholic cirrhosis: a randomized clinical trial.Archives of Iranian medicine
  98. 2012Role of zinc in severe pneumonia: a randomized double bind placebo controlled study.Italian journal of pediatrics
  99. 2012Evaluation of the efficacy of zinc sulfate in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced mucositis: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.Archives of Iranian medicine
  100. 2012A randomized, placebo controlled trial of oral zinc for chemotherapy-related taste and smell disorders.Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy
  101. 2012A randomized controlled trial of zinc as adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia in young children.Pediatrics
  102. 2012Randomized, double-blind trial of 220 mg zinc sulfate twice daily in the treatment of rosacea.International journal of dermatology
  103. 2012Zinc sulfate for relief of pruritus in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy
  104. 2012The effect of zinc sulfate in the prevention of high-dose chemotherapy-induced mucositis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.Hematological oncology
  105. 2012The effect of staggered administration of zinc sulfate on the pharmacokinetics of oral cephalexin.British journal of clinical pharmacology
  106. 2012Salivary testosterone: associations with depression, anxiety disorders, and antidepressant use in a large cohort study.Journal of psychosomatic research
  107. 2012Zinc adjunct therapy reduces case fatality in severe childhood pneumonia: a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial.BMC medicine
  108. 2012Estimating the global prevalence of zinc deficiency: results based on zinc availability in national food supplies and the prevalence of stunting.PloS one
  109. 2011Correlation between serum testosterone level and concentrations of copper and zinc in hair tissue.Biological trace element research
  110. 2011Efficacy and safety of zinc supplementation for adults, children and pregnant women with HIV infection: systematic review.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH
  111. 2011Oral zinc supplementation does not improve oxidative stress or vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes with normal zinc levels.Atherosclerosis
  112. 2011A randomized controlled trial of oral zinc in acute pneumonia in children aged between 2 months to 5 years.Indian journal of pediatrics
  113. 2011The efficacy of zinc supplementation on outcome of children with severe pneumonia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.Indian journal of pediatrics
  114. 2011Low testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes: significance and treatment.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
  115. 2011Effect of 1 week of sleep restriction on testosterone levels in young healthy men.JAMA
  116. 2011Supplemented zinc does not alter mood in healthy older European adults--a randomised placebo-controlled trial: the Zenith study.Public health nutrition
  117. 2011Zinc effects on NMDA receptor gating kinetics.Biophysical journal
  118. 2011Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men.Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme
  119. 2011Moderate zinc deficiency reduces testicular Zip6 and Zip10 abundance and impairs spermatogenesis in mice.The Journal of nutrition
  120. 2011Zinc for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: placebo-controlled double-blind pilot trial alone and combined with amphetamine.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
  121. 2011Zinc for the common cold.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
  122. 2011Zinc lozenges may shorten the duration of colds: a systematic review.The open respiratory medicine journal
  123. 2011Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D
  124. 2011Treatment of localized psoriasis with a topical formulation of zinc pyrithione.Acta dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica, et Adriatica
  125. 2010Effect of zinc supplementation on markers of insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation among prepubescent children with metabolic syndrome.Metabolic syndrome and related disorders
  126. 2010Insufficient sleep undermines dietary efforts to reduce adiposity.Annals of internal medicine
  127. 2010Two weeks of zinc administration to Nepalese children with pneumonia does not reduce the incidence of pneumonia or diarrhea during the next six months.The Journal of nutrition
  128. 2010Association of vitamin D status with serum androgen levels in men.Clinical endocrinology
  129. 2010Fatal copper deficiency from excessive use of zinc-based denture adhesive.The American journal of the medical sciences
  130. 2010The Bradford Hill criteria and zinc-induced anosmia: a causality analysis.Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery
  131. 2010A randomized controlled trial of the effect of zinc as adjuvant therapy in children 2-35 mo of age with severe or nonsevere pneumonia in Bhaktapur, Nepal.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  132. 2010Zinc decreases C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory cytokines in elderly subjects: a potential implication of zinc as an atheroprotective agent.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  133. 2010Randomized, controlled clinical trial of zinc supplementation to prevent immunological failure in HIV-infected adults.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
  134. 2010Zinc bioavailability and homeostasis.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  135. 2010Impact of oral zinc therapy on the level of sex hormones in male patients on hemodialysis.Renal failure
  136. 2010Effect of zinc supplementation on antioxidant activity in young wrestlers.Biological trace element research
  137. 2010Characteristics of secondary, primary, and compensated hypogonadism in aging men: evidence from the European Male Ageing Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
  138. 2010Effect of zinc supplementation on mood states in young women: a pilot study.European journal of clinical nutrition
  139. 2010Zinc fortification of cereal flours: current recommendations and research needs.Food and nutrition bulletin
  140. 2009Zinc supplementation augments efficacy of imipramine in treatment resistant patients: a double blind, placebo-controlled study.Journal of affective disorders
  141. 2009Effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc and C-reactive protein concentrations in hemodialysis patients.Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation
  142. 2009Normalization of zinc intake enhances neurological retrieval of patients suffering from ischemic strokes.Nutritional neuroscience
  143. 2009The role and molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and rats.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
  144. 2009Zinc supplementation improved cognitive performance and taste acuity in Indian adolescent girls.Journal of the American College of Nutrition
  145. 2009Relationship between abnormal sperm morphology induced by dietary zinc deficiency and lipid composition in testes of growing rats.The British journal of nutrition
  146. 2009Zinc increases the effects of essential amino acids-whey protein supplements in frail elderly.The journal of nutrition, health & aging
  147. 2009Zinc is an essential trace element for spermatogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
  148. 2009Subjective effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) extract on well-being and sexual performances in patients with mild erectile dysfunction: a randomised, double-blind clinical trial.Andrologia
  149. 2009Serum testosterone and urinary excretion of steroid hormone metabolites after administration of a high-dose zinc supplement.European journal of clinical nutrition
  150. 2009Trace element levels in alopecia areata.Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology
  151. 2009Effect of zinc supplementation on insulin resistance and components of the metabolic syndrome in prepubertal obese children.Hormones (Athens, Greece)
  152. 2009The effect of systemic zinc supplementation on oral health in low socioeconomic level children.The Turkish journal of pediatrics
  153. 2008Correlates of low testosterone and symptomatic androgen deficiency in a population-based sample.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
  154. 2008Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis disruptions in older men are differentially linked to age and modifiable risk factors: the European Male Aging Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
  155. 2008Clinical, immunological, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles of zinc.Experimental gerontology
  156. 2008Duration and severity of symptoms and levels of plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor, and adhesion molecules in patients with common cold treated with zinc acetate.The Journal of infectious diseases
  157. 2008Zinc in human health: effect of zinc on immune cells.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)
  158. 2007Effect of fatiguing bicycle exercise on thyroid hormone and testosterone levels in sedentary males supplemented with oral zinc.Neuro endocrinology letters
  159. 2007Topical zinc sulphate solution for treatment of viral warts.Saudi medical journal
  160. 2007New insights about iron bioavailability inhibition by zinc.Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
  161. 2007Association between sleep and morning testosterone levels in older men.Sleep
  162. 2007Zinc supplementation decreases incidence of infections in the elderly: effect of zinc on generation of cytokines and oxidative stress.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  163. 2007Combined iron and zinc supplementation in infants improved iron and zinc status, but interactions reduced efficacy in a multicountry trial in southeast Asia.The Journal of nutrition
  164. 2007Zinc inhibits nonheme iron bioavailability in humans.Biological trace element research
  165. 2006Micronutrient levels and HIV disease status in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Nutrition for Healthy Living cohort.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
  166. 2006Update on the relationship between magnesium and exercise.Magnesium research
  167. 2006The relationship between libido and testosterone levels in aging men.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
  168. 2006Oral zinc sulfate in the treatment of rosacea: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.International journal of dermatology
  169. 2006The effect of exhaustion exercise on thyroid hormones and testosterone levels of elite athletes receiving oral zinc.Neuro endocrinology letters
  170. 2005Zinc as an ambivalent but potent modulator of murine hair growth in vivo- preliminary observations.Experimental dermatology
  171. 2005Interactive effects of iron and zinc on biochemical and functional outcomes in supplementation trials.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  172. 2005The effect of losartan and losartan/hydrochlorothiazide fixed-combination on magnesium, zinc, and nitric oxide metabolism in hypertensive patients: a prospective open-label study.American journal of hypertension
  173. 2005Relationship between stress hormones and testosterone with prolonged endurance exercise.European journal of applied physiology
  174. 2005Zinc-induced copper deficiency: a report of three cases initially recognized on bone marrow examination.American journal of clinical pathology
  175. 2005Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
  176. 2004Effects of Zinc Magnesium Aspartate (ZMA) Supplementation on Training Adaptations and Markers of Anabolism and Catabolism.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
  177. 2004International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG) technical document #1. Assessment of the risk of zinc deficiency in populations and options for its control.Food and nutrition bulletin
  178. 2004Zinc sulfate in the prevention of radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized study.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics
  179. 2004Anosmia after intranasal zinc gluconate use.American journal of rhinology
  180. 2003Effects of antihypertensive agents, alpha receptor blockers, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers, on oxidative stress.Journal of hypertension
  181. 2003The role of zinc in the treatment of tinnitus.Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
  182. 2003Zinc status in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and illicit drug use.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
  183. 2002Effect of Lepidium meyenii (MACA) on sexual desire and its absent relationship with serum testosterone levels in adult healthy men.Andrologia
  184. 2002Supplemental zinc lowers measures of iron status in young women with low iron reserves.The Journal of nutrition
  185. 2002Oral zinc sulphate in the treatment of recalcitrant viral warts: randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.The British journal of dermatology
  186. 2002Age trends in the level of serum testosterone and other hormones in middle-aged men: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts male aging study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
  187. 2002Effects of pyridoxine on dreaming: a preliminary study.Perceptual and motor skills
  188. 2002Food-drug interactions.Drugs
  189. 2001Bioavailability of US commercial magnesium preparations.Magnesium research
  190. 2001Rapid recovery with oral zinc sulphate in deferoxamine-induced presumed optic neuropathy and hearing loss.Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society
  191. 2001Multicenter randomized comparative double-blind controlled clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of zinc gluconate versus minocycline hydrochloride in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris.Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland)
  192. 2001Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
  193. 2000Effect of treatment with zinc gluconate or zinc acetate on experimental and natural colds.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
  194. 2000Duration of symptoms and plasma cytokine levels in patients with the common cold treated with zinc acetate. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Annals of internal medicine
  195. 2000A synergistic effect of a daily supplement for 1 month of 200 mg magnesium plus 50 mg vitamin B6 for the relief of anxiety-related premenstrual symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study.Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine
  196. 1999Efficacy of exogenous oral zinc in treatment of patients with carbonic anhydrase VI deficiency.The American journal of the medical sciences
  197. 1998Elevated intakes of zinc in infant formulas don not interfere with iron absorption in premature infants.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
  198. 1998Zinc may regulate serum leptin concentrations in humans.Journal of the American College of Nutrition
  199. 1998Concurrent administration of D-penicillamine and zinc has no advantages over the use of either single agent on copper excretion in the rat.Toxicology
  200. 1997Short-term zinc supplementation in women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects on plasma 5'-nucleotidase activities, insulin-like growth factor I concentrations, and lipoprotein oxidation rates in vitro.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  201. 1997Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride
  202. 1996Metal excretion and magnesium retention in patients with intermittent claudication treated with intravenous disodium EDTA.Clinical chemistry
  203. 1996Zinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Annals of internal medicine
  204. 1996Zinc status and serum testosterone levels of healthy adults.Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
  205. 1996Dietary zinc deficiency alters 5 alpha-reduction and aromatization of testosterone and androgen and estrogen receptors in rat liver.The Journal of nutrition
  206. 1995Zinc, hydrochlorothiazide and sexual dysfunction.The Central African journal of medicine
  207. 1995Benefit of oral zinc supplementation as an adjunct to zidovudine (AZT) therapy against opportunistic infections in AIDS.International journal of immunopharmacology
  208. 1994The effect of calcium carbonate and calcium citrate on the absorption of zinc in healthy female subjects.European journal of clinical nutrition
  209. 1993Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc: XI. Interaction with other anticopper agents.Journal of the American College of Nutrition
  210. 1993The biochemical basis of zinc physiology.Physiological reviews
  211. 1992Effects of dietary zinc depletion on seminal volume and zinc loss, serum testosterone concentrations, and sperm morphology in young men.The American journal of clinical nutrition
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  213. 1992A review of magnesium intake in the elderly. A cause for concern?Magnesium research
  214. 1992Norfloxacin interaction with antacids and minerals.British journal of clinical pharmacology
  215. 1991Competitive inhibition of iron absorption by manganese and zinc in humans.The American journal of clinical nutrition
  216. 1991Plasma uptake of manganese as affected by oral loads of manganese, calcium, milk, phosphorus, copper, and zinc.Journal of the American College of Nutrition
  217. 1991Relationship of serum copper and zinc levels to HIV-1 seropositivity and progression to AIDS.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes
  218. 1990Zinc gluconate lozenges for common cold. A double-blind clinical trial.Danish medical bulletin
  219. 1989Effect of ferrous sulfate and multivitamins with zinc on absorption of ciprofloxacin in normal volunteers.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
  220. 1989Failure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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  223. 1989Recommended Dietary Allowances: 10th Edition
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Our Assessment: Zinc

Well-Researched
Evidence Rating

Zinc is biochemically required for testosterone synthesis — this isn't theory, it's established biology. Supplementation restores testosterone in deficient men. Benefits in already-replete men are less clear.

What's Solid
  • Zinc’s essential role in testosterone synthesis is biochemically established
  • Deficiency impairs testosterone—this is clear and reproducible
  • Supplementation in deficient men restores testosterone levels
  • Exercise and stress increase zinc requirements
  • Zinc picolinate is a well-absorbed chelated form
What's More Nuanced
  • Benefits in zinc-replete men are less clear
  • More zinc isn’t always better—there’s a ceiling effect
  • High doses long-term can cause copper deficiency
  • Individual absorption varies based on diet and gut health

How Zinc Fits the Formula

No ingredient works alone. Zinc was chosen because it amplifies — and is amplified by — specific formula partners.

Zinc

Safety and Precautions

Zinc is generally safe at recommended doses. However:
Copper interaction
High zinc doses over time can cause copper deficiency. Keep total daily zinc under 40mg.
Stomach sensitivity
Some zinc forms cause nausea if taken without food. Zinc picolinate is generally well tolerated, but taking with a meal is still recommended.
Medication interactions
Zinc can reduce absorption of certain antibiotics and penicillamine. Space doses by 2+ hours.
Don’t mega-dose
More isn’t better. High-dose zinc (100mg+) can impair immune function rather than support it.

Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new dietary supplement, especially if you have an existing medical condition or take prescription medications.

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